{"id":504,"date":"2026-02-16T01:49:37","date_gmt":"2026-02-16T00:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504"},"modified":"2026-02-16T01:58:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T00:58:56","slug":"the-crime-of-popular-uprising-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504","title":{"rendered":"THE CRIME OF POPULAR UPRISING IN AFRICA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"504\" class=\"elementor elementor-504\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea9004d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ea9004d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34536308 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34536308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THE CRIME OF POPULAR UPRISING IN AFRICA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e497bbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7e497bbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PAR <strong>Mbah Valentine<\/strong> Tebeck University of Bamenda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-682646f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"682646f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abstract :<\/strong> In the past decades, political unrest across various countries within the African continent, fuelled by discontent with authoritarian rule, corruption, and inequality, has often led to unconstitutional changes in government, a crime falling within the jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human rights according to the Malabo protocol adopted in 2014. Therefore, the interplay between unconstitutional changes of government (UCG) and popular uprisings in Africa becomes a daunting challenge to democracy and human rights on the continent. Do popular uprisings fall within the definition of the crime of unconstitutional change of Government as established by the Malabo protocol? Utilizing a doctrinal research methodology and drawing from primary and secondary sources, the research underscores the conflicting perspectives surrounding these issues. While, there is a growing tendency amongst African governments to frame popular uprisings as threats to national security, leading to repressive actions and criminalization, the Malabo protocol upholds the right of all peoples to self-determination by which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. The challenges arising from the growing criminalization of popular uprisings necessitate a comprehensive approach for the safeguarding of democracy and human rights within the continent.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Keywords : Unconstitutional Change Government, Popular Uprising, Africa, Criminalise, Fundamental Human Rights.<\/strong><\/p><p><b>Resume :<\/b> Au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, les troubles politiques dans divers pays du continent africain, aliment\u00e9s par le m\u00e9contentement face aux r\u00e9gimes autoritaires, \u00e0 la corruption et aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, ont souvent conduit \u00e0 des changements anticonstitutionnels de gouvernement, un crime relevant de la comp\u00e9tence de la Cour Africaine de Justice et des Droits de l&#8217;Homme selon le protocole de Malabo adopt\u00e9 en 2014. Par cons\u00e9quent, l\u2019interaction entre les changements anticonstitutionnels de gouvernement (UCG) et les soul\u00e8vements populaires en Afrique deviennent un d\u00e9fi de taille pour la d\u00e9mocratie et les droits de l\u2019homme sur le continent. Les soul\u00e8vements populaires entrent-ils dans la d\u00e9finition du crime de changement anticonstitutionnel de gouvernement telle qu&#8217;\u00e9tablie par le Protocole de Malabo? Utilisant une m\u00e9thodologie de recherche doctrinale et s&#8217;appuyant sur des sources primaires et secondaires, la recherche souligne les perspectives contradictoires entourant ces questions. Alors qu&#8217;il existe une tendance croissante parmi les gouvernements africains \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter les soul\u00e8vements populaires comme des menaces \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, conduisant \u00e0 des actions r\u00e9pressives et \u00e0 leur criminalisation, le protocole de Malabo d\u00e9fend le droit de tous les peuples \u00e0 l&#8217;autod\u00e9termination en vertu duquel ils d\u00e9terminent librement leur statut politique et poursuivent librement leur d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, social et culturel. Les d\u00e9fis d\u00e9coulant de la criminalisation croissante des soul\u00e8vements populaires n\u00e9cessitent une approche globale pour la sauvegarde de la d\u00e9mocratie et des droits de l\u2019homme sur le continent.\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Mots cl\u00e9s : Afrique, anticonstitutionnel, changement, criminalization, droits humains fondamentaux, gouvernement, Populaire, soul\u00e8vement.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3703e857 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3703e857\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/MOOUTUREPOLITOSCOPE4-Mbah.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-file-pdf\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M369.9 97.9L286 14C277 5 264.8-.1 252.1-.1H48C21.5 0 0 21.5 0 48v416c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h288c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V131.9c0-12.7-5.1-25-14.1-34zM332.1 128H256V51.9l76.1 76.1zM48 464V48h160v104c0 13.3 10.7 24 24 24h104v288H48zm250.2-143.7c-12.2-12-47-8.7-64.4-6.5-17.2-10.5-28.7-25-36.8-46.3 3.9-16.1 10.1-40.6 5.4-56-4.2-26.2-37.8-23.6-42.6-5.9-4.4 16.1-.4 38.5 7 67.1-10 23.9-24.9 56-35.4 74.4-20 10.3-47 26.2-51 46.2-3.3 15.8 26 55.2 76.1-31.2 22.4-7.4 46.8-16.5 68.4-20.1 18.9 10.2 41 17 55.8 17 25.5 0 28-28.2 17.5-38.7zm-198.1 77.8c5.1-13.7 24.5-29.5 30.4-35-19 30.3-30.4 35.7-30.4 35zm81.6-190.6c7.4 0 6.7 32.1 1.8 40.8-4.4-13.9-4.3-40.8-1.8-40.8zm-24.4 136.6c9.7-16.9 18-37 24.7-54.7 8.3 15.1 18.9 27.2 30.1 35.5-20.8 4.3-38.9 13.1-54.8 19.2zm131.6-5s-5 6-37.3-7.8c35.1-2.6 40.9 5.4 37.3 7.8z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger l'article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the past decades, political unrest across various countries within the African continent, fuelled by discontent with authoritarian rule, corruption, and inequality, has often led to unconstitutional changes in government, a crime falling within the jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human rights according to the Malabo protocol adopted in 2014. Therefore, the interplay between unconstitutional changes of government (UCG) and popular uprisings in Africa becomes a daunting challenge to democracy and human rights on the continent. Do popular uprisings fall within the definition of the crime of unconstitutional change of Government as established by the Malabo protocol? Utilizing a doctrinal research methodology and drawing from primary and secondary sources, the research underscores the conflicting perspectives surrounding these issues. While, there is a growing tendency amongst African governments to frame popular uprisings as threats to national security, leading to repressive actions and criminalization, the Malabo protocol upholds the right of all peoples to self-determination by which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. The challenges arising from the growing criminalization of popular uprisings necessitate a comprehensive approach for the safeguarding of democracy and human rights within the continent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novembre-2024"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>THE CRIME OF POPULAR UPRISING IN AFRICA - Cregrisa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"THE CRIME OF POPULAR UPRISING IN AFRICA - Cregrisa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the past decades, political unrest across various countries within the African continent, fuelled by discontent with authoritarian rule, corruption, and inequality, has often led to unconstitutional changes in government, a crime falling within the jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human rights according to the Malabo protocol adopted in 2014. Therefore, the interplay between unconstitutional changes of government (UCG) and popular uprisings in Africa becomes a daunting challenge to democracy and human rights on the continent. Do popular uprisings fall within the definition of the crime of unconstitutional change of Government as established by the Malabo protocol? Utilizing a doctrinal research methodology and drawing from primary and secondary sources, the research underscores the conflicting perspectives surrounding these issues. While, there is a growing tendency amongst African governments to frame popular uprisings as threats to national security, leading to repressive actions and criminalization, the Malabo protocol upholds the right of all peoples to self-determination by which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. 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Therefore, the interplay between unconstitutional changes of government (UCG) and popular uprisings in Africa becomes a daunting challenge to democracy and human rights on the continent. Do popular uprisings fall within the definition of the crime of unconstitutional change of Government as established by the Malabo protocol? Utilizing a doctrinal research methodology and drawing from primary and secondary sources, the research underscores the conflicting perspectives surrounding these issues. While, there is a growing tendency amongst African governments to frame popular uprisings as threats to national security, leading to repressive actions and criminalization, the Malabo protocol upholds the right of all peoples to self-determination by which they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development. The challenges arising from the growing criminalization of popular uprisings necessitate a comprehensive approach for the safeguarding of democracy and human rights within the continent.","og_url":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504","og_site_name":"Cregrisa","article_published_time":"2026-02-16T00:49:37+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-16T00:58:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":688,"height":732,"url":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capture-decran_16-2-2026_1514_.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"cregrisa","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"cregrisa","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504"},"author":{"name":"cregrisa","@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/#\/schema\/person\/72716895fa47a6b404387c770f473a17"},"headline":"THE CRIME OF POPULAR UPRISING IN AFRICA","datePublished":"2026-02-16T00:49:37+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-16T00:58:56+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504"},"wordCount":507,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Capture-decran_16-2-2026_1514_.jpeg","articleSection":["Novembre 2024"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504","url":"https:\/\/cregrisa.org\/?p=504","name":"THE CRIME OF POPULAR UPRISING IN AFRICA - 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